孫子兵法 : 孙子兵法十三篇 13 Chapters of Sun Tzu's Art of War

中國現存最早的兵書 China's earliest writing on Military Strategies is undoubtedly 孫子兵法 (Sun Tzu's Art of War). Probably the most famous of all other Military Strategy writings in China. 孫子 Sun Tzu's birth name was 孫武 Sun Wu or "Master Sun" (from the 春秋末期 Late Spring and Autumn Period roughly 5th century BC). 孫子兵法 Sun Tzu's work has been praised and employed in some East Asian warfare since its composition. During the 二十世紀 twentieth century, The Art of War grew in popularity and saw practical use in Western society as well. The Art of War was recorded to be used as instructional material at the US Military Academy at West Point as a course to study Military Strategy.

孫子兵法 Sun Tzu's Art of War is composed of 十三篇 13 chapters. Each chapter is devoted to a different set of skills (or "art") related to warfare and how it applies to military strategy and tactics. However, both eastern and western writers have adapted Sun Tzu's principles in application to modern business management and strategy.

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第一篇：始计篇 (始計篇) (Laying Plans for Detail Assessment & Planning)
原文：多算勝，少算不勝，而況於無算乎。

原文：多算胜，少算不胜，而况于无算乎。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第二篇：作战篇 (作戰篇) (Waging War and Challenge)
原文：車雜而乘之，卒善而養之，是謂勝敵而益強。

原文：车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第三篇：谋攻篇 (謀攻篇) (Strategic Attack)
原文：知己知彼，百戰不殆。

原文：知己知彼，百战不殆。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第四篇：军形篇 (軍形篇) (Tactical Disposition of the Army)
原文：勝兵先勝而後求戰，敗兵先戰而後求勝。

原文：胜兵先胜而后求战，败兵先战而后求胜。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第五篇：兵势篇 (兵勢篇) (Use of Energy of the Army Forces)
原文：故善戰者，求之於勢，不責於人，故能擇人而任勢。

原文：故善战者，求之于势，不责于人，故能择人而任势。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第六篇：虚实篇 (虛實篇) (Weaknesses and Strengths)
原文：無所不備，則無所不寡。

原文：无所不备，则无所不寡。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第七篇：军争篇 (軍爭篇) (Military Maneuvers)
原文：軍爭之難者，以迂為直，以患為利。

原文：军争之难者，以迂为直，以患为利。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第八篇：九变篇 (九變篇) (Variations and Adaptability)
原文：雜於利，而務可信也，雜於害，而患可解也。

原文：杂于利，而务可信也，杂于害，而患可解也。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第九篇：行军篇 (行軍篇) (Movement and Development of Troops)
原文：令素行以教其民，則民服；令不素行以教其民，則民不服。令素行者，與眾相得也。

原文：令素行以教其民，则民服；令不素行以教其民，则民不服。令素行者，与众相得也。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第十篇：地形篇 (地形篇) (Classification of Terrain)
原文：故進不求名，退不避罪，唯人是保，而利合於主，國之寶也。

原文：故进不求名，退不避罪，唯人是保，而利合于主，国之宝也。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第十一篇：九地篇 (九地篇) (The Nine situation of Battlegrounds)
原文：犯之以事，勿告以言；犯之以利，勿告以害。

原文：犯之以事，勿告以言；犯之以利，勿告以害。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第十二篇：火攻篇 (火攻篇) (Attack with Fire)
原文：夫戰勝攻取，而不修其功者兇。

原文：夫战胜攻取，而不修其功者凶。

孫子兵法 (孙子兵法) 第十三篇：用间篇 (用間篇) (Use of Intelligence and Espionage)
原文 ：先知者，不可取於鬼神，不可像於事，不可驗於度，必取於人，知敵之情者也。

原文 ：先知者，不可取于鬼神，不可象于事，不可验于度，必取于人，知敌之情者也。

王敬則傳 : 三十六計 Thirty-Six Stratagems

孫子 Sun Tzu (Birth name Sun Wu (Chinese: 孫武) about 545 BC-about 470 BC), was born in the 春秋末期 late Spring and Autumn period and that he was active as a 將領 general, 軍事家 military strategist, 作家 writer, and 哲學家 philosopher serving 吳王闔閭 Helü, King of Wu in the 公元前六世紀末 late sixth century BC, beginning around 512 BC. Sun Tzu's victories for the King of Wu then inspired him to write《孫子兵法十三篇》The Art of War 13 Chapters. However, the 三十六計 Thirty-Six Stratagems are not the direct works of Sun Tzu. But the series of Chinese essay used to illustrate a series of stratagems used in politics, war, and civil interaction does draws thematic similarities to Sun Zhu's Art of War.

王敬則傳 : 三十六計 Thirty-Six Stratagems

Winning Stratagems 胜战计 (勝戰計)

01 瞒天过海 (瞞天過海) Fool the sky to cross the Sea
02 围魏救赵 (圍魏救趙) Besiege Wèi to rescue Zhào
03 借刀杀人(借刀殺人) Kill with a borrowed knife
04 以逸待劳 (以逸待勞) Relax when the Enemy exhausts themselves
05 趁火打劫 (趁火打劫) Loot a burning house
06 声东击西 (聲東擊西) Make a sound in the east, then strike in the west

Enemy Dealing Stratagems  敌战计 (敵戰計)

07 无中生有 (無中生有) Create something from nothing
08 明修棧道, 暗渡陳倉 Pretend to take one path while sneaking down another
09 隔岸观火 (隔岸觀火) Watch the fires burning across the river
10 笑里藏刀 (笑裏藏刀) Hide a knife behind a smile
11 李代桃僵 (李代桃僵) Sacrifice the plum tree to preserve the peach tree
12 顺手牵羊 (順手牽羊) Take the opportunity to pilfer a goat

Attacking Stratagems  攻战计 (攻戰計)

13 打草惊蛇 (打草驚蛇) Beat the grass to startle the snake
14 借尸还魂 (借屍還魂) Raise a corps from the dead
15 调虎离山 (調虎離山) Lure the tiger off its mountain lair
16 欲擒故纵 (欲擒故縱) Snag the enemy by letting him off the hook
17 抛砖引玉 (拋磚引玉) Cast a break to attract gem
18 擒贼擒王 (擒賊擒王) Capture the ringleader to catch the bandits

Chaos Stratagems 混战计 (混戰計)

19 釜底抽薪 (釜底抽薪) Remove the firewood from under the pot
20 浑水摸鱼/混水摸鱼 (渾水摸魚/混水摸魚) Disturb the water and catch a fish
21 金蝉脱壳 (金蟬脱殼) Slough off the cicada's golden shell
22 关门捉贼 (關門捉賊) Shut the door to catch the thief
23 远交近攻 (遠交近攻) Befriend a distant state and strike a neighbouring one
24 假途伐虢 (假途伐虢) Obtain safe passage to conquer the state of Guo

Proximate Stratagems 并战计 (並戰計)

25 偷梁换柱 (偷梁換柱) Replace the beams and pillars with rotten timbers
26 指桑骂槐 (指桑罵槐) Point at the mulberry tree while cursing the locust tree
27 假痴不癫 (假痴不癲) Play dumb while remaining smart
28 上屋抽梯 (上屋抽梯) Remove the ladder when the enemy has ascended to the roof
29 树上开花 (樹上開花) Decorate the tree with false blossoms
30 反客为主 (反客為主) Make the host and the guest exchange roles

Desperate Stratagems  败战计 (敗戰計) 

31 美人计 (美人計) The beauty trap  
32 空城计 (空城計) The empty fort strategy
33 反间计 (反間計) Let the enemy's own spy sow discord in the enemy camp
34 苦肉计 (苦肉計) Inflict injury on oneself to win the enemy's trust
35 连环计 (連環計) Chain together the enemy's warships
36 走为上策 (走為上策) If all else fails, retreat

The 三十六句谚语 thirty-six proverbs and their connection to military strategies and tactics are likely the culmination of centuries of war experiences of inter-states conflicts in China. Many of the stratagems involve deception of some kind and may be used in changing minds. The 三十六句谚语 thirty-six proverbs can be attributed from the essay collections found in 王敬则传 Wáng Jìngzé (王敬則傳), also referred to as "Book of Qi (齊書 Qí Shū)" or Book of Southern Qi (南齊書" Nán Qí Shū). 王敬则 (王敬則) 435年－498年, is a General of the 南朝宋 Southern Song Dynasty.
The number 三十六 thirty-six was used by 王敬則 Wáng as a figure of speech in this context, and is meant to denote "numerous stratagems" instead of any specific number. Wáng's choice of this term came from the 易经 I Ching, where six is the number of yin that shared many characteristics with the dark schemes involved in military strategy. As 三十六 thirty-six is the 六的平方 square of six, it therefore acted as a 隐喻 metaphor for "多种策略 numerous strategies". (Wikipedia)